![]() The Partnership Interoperability Initiative (PII), launched during the 2014 Wales Summit, was designed to enhance interoperability investments beyond NATO member nations, often through exercises and dialogue with key NATO partners. As a previous RAND report notes, the Afghanistan Mission Network shifted the coalition information-sharing posture from “need to know” to “need to share.” Based on the success of this effort, NATO institutionalized the approach in the Federated Mission Networking framework and governance structure beginning in 2012. ![]() NATO implemented the Afghanistan Mission Network in 2010 that integrated multiple national and NATO networks into a single combined battle network. NATO data standards and data-sharing agreements proved invaluable in creating the basis for combined battle networks for coalition operations in Afghanistan. ![]() At the 2012 Chicago Summit, NATO leaders agreed to a set of goals, known as NATO Forces 2020, to create “modern, tightly connected forces equipped, trained, exercised and commanded so that they can operate together and with partners in any environment.” One of the efforts that resulted from this was the Connected Forces Initiative that is specifically intended to increase the level of interoperability and connectivity among member nations. These agreements have evolved over time, and NATO has made substantial progress in developing common data standards to enable a higher degree of interoperability across member nation forces and platforms. The creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949 led to an expansion of bilateral and multilateral military agreements, many of which enabled greater data sharing and battle network integration. The level and frequency of data sharing has also evolved over time to include both tactical and strategic intelligence and real-time data transmission through interoperable battle networks. military’s internal security policies are built to support access and collaboration with Five Eyes partners above all others. military and intelligence community (IC) today, and the U.S. It is arguably the most extensive data-sharing and collaboration agreement for the U.S. In 1946, the United States and United Kingdom created a broader intelligence-sharing agreement that evolved to include Canada, Australia, and New Zealand-what is now known as the Five Eyes agreement. The United States and United Kingdom reached a formal agreement in 1942 to collaborate and streamline technical collection and analysis of signals intelligence on Japan, Germany, and Italy-a collaboration that the Congressional Research Service concluded “proved pivotal in the Allies establishing information dominance during the war.” In the years leading up to World War II and throughout the war, the United States formed close intelligence-sharing agreements with allied nations. While the speed and scope of battle networks has increased significantly in recent decades, the value of integrated battle networks and information sharing with allies and partners has long been understood. It concludes with an assessment of how combined battle networks with allies and partners can serve as the key enabling technology toward a new offset strategy.Įxisting Agreements and Combined Battle Networks It explores existing agreements, opportunities for new agreements, and the technical and policy challenges for battle network integration across allied and partner nations. This brief focuses on the importance of integrating allies and partners into future battle networks, particularly in the Indo-Pacific region. The second brief used lessons learned from previous attempts to improve battle network integration to explore how the Department of Defense (DoD) can properly scope the problem it is trying to solve and organize itself to effectively and efficiently acquire the systems needed to realize its vision for JADC2. The first brief in the series examined the importance of battle networks to modern military operations and presented a framework of five functional elements that make up a battle network. This CSIS brief is the third in a series on the future of battle networks and Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2).
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